The Septuagint, also known as the LXX, is one of the most significant and influential translations of the Hebrew Bible into Greek. Compiled around 250-100 BCE, this ancient translation has played a crucial role in shaping the Orthodox Christian scriptures and continues to be an essential part of the church’s tradition and worship. In this article, we will delve into the history, significance, and impact of the Septuagint on Orthodox scripture.

A Brief History of the Septuagint

The Septuagint originated in Alexandria, Egypt, during the Ptolemaic dynasty. According to legend, the Egyptian king Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285-246 BCE) commissioned 70 Jewish scholars to translate the Torah, the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, into Greek. The resulting translation was so highly regarded that it became the standard text for the Jewish community in Alexandria and eventually spread throughout the Mediterranean world.

Over time, the Septuagint expanded to include translations of the rest of the Hebrew Bible, as well as additional books that are not found in the Hebrew canon. These books, known as the Deuterocanonical books or Apocrypha, include works such as 1 Esdras, 2 Esdras, Tobit, and the Wisdom of Solomon. The Septuagint’s inclusion of these texts has been a subject of debate among scholars and theologians for centuries.

Significance of the Septuagint in Orthodox Scripture

The Septuagint holds a revered place in the Orthodox Christian tradition. It is considered a sacred text, equal in authority to the original Hebrew scriptures. The Septuagint’s significance can be seen in several areas:

• Canon of Scripture: The Septuagint’s inclusion of the Deuterocanonical books has shaped the Orthodox canon of scripture. Unlike the Protestant Reformation, which rejected these books as non-canonical, the Orthodox Church has always accepted them as part of the inspired scriptures.
• Liturgical Use: The Septuagint is used extensively in Orthodox worship, particularly in the readings and hymns of the liturgy. Its language and imagery have influenced the development of Orthodox theology and spirituality.
• Exegesis and Interpretation: The Septuagint’s translation of the Hebrew text has provided a unique window into the understanding of scripture in the ancient world. Its renderings of key passages have influenced the interpretation of scripture by Orthodox theologians and commentators throughout history.

Impact on Orthodox Theology and Practice

The Septuagint’s influence on Orthodox theology and practice cannot be overstated. Its translation of key terms and concepts, such as the word “Logos” (Λόγος) in John 1:1, has shaped the development of Orthodox Christology and Trinitarian theology. Additionally, the Septuagint’s emphasis on the importance of tradition and the role of the Holy Spirit in inspiring scripture has informed Orthodox understandings of scripture and authority.

The Septuagint’s legacy can also be seen in the iconography and hymnography of the Orthodox Church. The images and language used in Orthodox worship often reflect the Septuagint’s descriptions of biblical events and figures, such as the Theotokos (Mother of God) and the prophets.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Septuagint is a foundational text of Orthodox scripture, providing a unique window into the understanding of the Hebrew Bible in the ancient world. Its significance extends beyond its historical importance, shaping the development of Orthodox theology, liturgy, and practice. As a sacred text, the Septuagint continues to inspire and guide Orthodox Christians in their worship, study, and devotion, reminding them of the rich heritage and tradition that underlies their faith.

Whether you are an Orthodox Christian, a scholar of scripture, or simply interested in the history of biblical translation, the Septuagint is a fascinating and important topic that offers insights into the development of Christian scripture and the ongoing tradition of Orthodox worship and theology.